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Lambertia formosa
''Lambertia formosa'', commonly known as mountain devil, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae, endemic to New South Wales, Australia. First described in 1798 by English botanist James Edward Smith, it is the type species of the small genus ''Lambertia''. It is generally found in heathland or open forest, growing in sandstone-based soils. It grows as a multistemmed shrub to around 2 m (7 ft) with a woody base known as a lignotuber, from which it regrows after bushfire. It has stiff narrow leaves, and the pink to red flowerheads, made up of seven individual tubular flowers, generally appear in spring and summer. It gains its common name from the horned woody follicles, which were used to make small devil-figures.
The flowers hold profuse amounts of nectar and are pollinated by honeyeaters. Although ''L. formosa'' is uncommon in cultivation, it is straightforward to grow in soils with good drainage and a partly shaded to sunny aspect. It is readily propagated by seed. Unlike all other members of the genus ''Lambertia'', ''L. formosa'' is greatly resistant to the soil pathogen ''Phytophthora cinnamomi''.
==Taxonomy==
Specimens of ''Lambertia formosa'' were collected by botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander during Lieutenant James Cook's landing at Botany Bay between April and May in 1770. These are thought to have been obtained from vegetation currently known as the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub that occurs in sandy areas near present-day La Perouse. The shrub was first described in 1798 by English botanist James Edward Smith who concurrently erected the new genus ''Lambertia'', the name honouring English botanist Aylmer Bourke Lambert. The specific name ''formosa'' is the Latin adjective for 'handsome'.〔〔 English plantsman Henry Charles Andrews wrote in 1799, "Of all the plants yet introduced from New Holland, that have hitherto flowered with us, this unquestionably takes the lead for beauty, considering the plant altogether", although his countryman Joseph Knight in his 1809 work ''On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae'' added that the species name "applies only to the flowers, the foliage being generally of a sickly hue".〔 French botanist Michel Gandoger described specimens collected at Hornsby and Port Jackson as ''Lambertia proxima'', and material sent to him by plant collector Charles Walter as ''L. barbata'' in 1919; these turned out to be ''L. formosa''. Gandoger described 212 taxa of Australian plants, almost all of which turned out to be species already described.
One of ten species of the genus ''Lambertia'' within the family Proteaceae, ''Lambertia formosa'' is the only one found in eastern Australia as the others are all restricted to southwest Western Australia. Common names include ''mountain devil'' and ''honey flower'', the former from the fruit's resemblance to a devil's head. No subspecies are recognised, although plants in the southern part of its range from Bargo River to Braidwood have longer leaves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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